Dr. Faustus Essay Free Will and Personal Responsibility

Free Will and Personal Responsibility in Faustus It can be argued that Doctor Faustus is damned from the moment of conception. His innate desire for knowledge inevitably leads to his downfall. He represents the common human dissatisfaction with being human and the struggle of accepting our lack of omnipotence and omniscience. Marlowe manipulates this struggle between the aspirations of one character of his time and the implications to Christianity in relation to its doctrine of heaven and hell. Indeed, Doctor Faustus asks for more than what was intentionally made available to him through Gods plan, yet it was Gods gift to him of his intellect, that tempted him to search beyond his appointed realm of knowledge. Faustus, through†¦show more content†¦In Faustus first speech he declares his desire to enter into the underworld of scholarship outside of the Christian realm, through experimentation with sorcery, incantations, etc.: These metaphysics of magicians and necromantic books are heavenly; Lines, circles, letters, characters- Ay, these are those that Faustus most desires. (I.i, lines 47-50) He believes that all other areas of scholarship such as philosophy, law, medicine, and divinity are ineffectual, thereby leaving black magic as the consummate learning experience since it will bestow upon him great power: O, what a world of profit and delight, of power, of honor, and omnipotence . . . a sound magician is a demi-god! (I.i, lines 51-60) Divinity, adieu! he says (I.i line 49). Faustus confidence and almost cockiness in his decision cannot be doubted. After signing his contract with the devil, his blood congeals too quickly thus implying his natural physical hesitance to this deed. In other words, if man is made in the image of God, despite his fall and original sin, there remains a measure of divinity in him, which is displayed by his blood congealing too quickly and thereby impeding this unholy act. Nonetheless, Doctor Faustus is unaware of this fact. Already he has contradicted and insulted his colleagues, family and so forth by his contract. This is known to Faustus. However, whether he has consciously and seriously contemplated these negativeShow MoreRelatedAnnotated Bibliography: Plagiarism39529 Words   |  158 Pages1868. Granitz, N. and Loewy, D. (2007). Applying Ethical Theories: Interpreting and Responding to Student Plagiarism. Journal of Business Ethics, 72(3), 293-306. Luke, B. and Kearins, K. (2012), Attribution of words versus attribution of responsibilities: Academic plagiarism and university practice. Vaccine, 30(50): 7131-7133. Rushby, N. (2013), Plagiarism. British Journal of Educational Technology, 44:  3 4. Vitse, C. L. and Poland, G. A. (2012), Plagiarism, self-plagiarism, scientific misconduct

Milton Friedman and His Contribution For The Economic...

In economics, some classical liberals believe that ‘’an unfettered market’’ is the most efficient mechanism to satisfy human needs and channel resources to their most productive uses. The minimal government advocacy of an ‘’unregulated free market’’ is founded on an ‘’assumption about individuals being rational, self-interested and methodical in the pursuit of their goals. Adam Smith was not an advocate of pure capitalism. Adam Smith allowed for many exceptions to a strictly free-market economy. The classical liberals advocated policies to increase liberty and prosperity. They sought to empower the commercial class politically. They abolish royal charters, monopolies and the protectionist policies of mercantilism to encourage†¦show more content†¦These conclusions correspond to the claim of the quantitative theory that money is the primary determinant of nominal income. If thus the rate of money circulation d oes not change (here the rate need not necessarily by a constant ), then money exclusively determines changes in the price level and nominal income, so monetary policy can, through regulating the development of the individual money aggregates (M1, M2, etc.), influence macroeconomic variables and predict their development. In Friedman’s monetarist construct of money has two side that is highly active. One of the side is money is being the cause of all failures and asymmetries in the economy (in the short term). The other side is neutral which money is influencing only the price level (in the long term). The nominal quantity of money is determined by its supply. On the other hand, the real volume of the money stock is expressed in the amount of goods and services that can be acquired for a given nominal amount of money and is conditioned by the demand for money, which is directly related to the price level. In the 70’s Friedman developed his theory of inflation on the correlation of inflation and unemployment on the basis of a critical analysis of the (Keynesian) Phillip’s curve. The key elements in the examination of the mutual links between the inflation process and the situation in the labor market are in his construct a natural rate of unemployment, (adaptive) expectations of inflation, as well as aShow MoreRelatedMilton Friedmans Ideas Essay1646 Words   |  7 PagesINTRODUCTION Milton Friedman’s ideas where thought to be radical, but he was the most authoritative figure in the economics field in the 20th century, (Placeholder2) and was known most for his thoughts on free enterprise, classical liberalism and limited government. (Placeholder3) His views shaped modern capitalism. (Placeholder2) He was against government intervention and favored free markets (Placeholder6). If you put the federal government in charge of the Sahara Desert, in 5 years theredRead MoreThe Milton Friedman Rule 538 Words   |  2 PagesOTHER SIGNIFICANT ACHIEVEMENT OR CONTRIBUTION IN ECONOMICS FIELD Other significant contribution or achievement of Milton Friedman in economy field is in economics scholarly. He had introduced a few of rule, function and hypothesis such as Friedman Rule, Friedman’s K-percent Rule, saving utility function and permanent- income hypothesis. Friedman Rule Friedman Rule was proposed by Milton Friedman in 1969. This rule is about monetary policy. â€Å"Money† is anything that generally accepted as payment forRead MoreThe Chicago School Of Economics : The Affordable Care Act726 Words   |  3 Pagesopinion of the Chicago school of economics about the affordable Care Act. The Chicago school is associated whit a brand of economics which adheres to neoclassical economic theory in its economics analysis and libertarianism in much of its policy work. Defending the idea that people should be free to make their own choices. It rejects all forms of government intervention and advocate the laissez-faire. Among the main leaders of the Chicago school, we can name Milton Friedman, Garry Becker, Franck KnightRead MoreKeynes Versus Friedman745 Words   |  3 Pagesversus Friedman To begin with, I would like to say that these to economists made perhaps the greatest and the most significant contribution to economy in the twentieth century. They are beyond any doubt among most powerful intellectuals that set their feet over the ground. Ideas they created, patterns they discovered and laws they introduced have become fundamental in political economy and macroeconomics. Still, these two brilliant minds did not share each others’ views over some basic economics mattersRead MoreThe Contrasting Views of Milton Friedman and Ralph Nader on Corporate Social Responsibility2452 Words   |  10 Pagesfundamental idea that the corporations have duties that go beyond carrying out their basic economic functions in a lawful manner because the overall performance of a firm is to maximize the social benefit. Though economists could agree on the existence of corporate responsibility, they differ in the fundamental definition of these responsibilities. Conservative economists, such as Milton Friedman, claim that business is most responsible when it makes profit efficiently, not whenRead MoreMilton Friedman s Advocacy Of Free Market Capitalism2263 Words   |  10 Pages Milton Friedman’s Advocacy of Free Market Capitalism Team Members: Donaldson, Michael Karambelkar, Tanvi Kote, Anand Mantrawadi, Sushant Sawant, Preeti Shinde, Nikhil â€Æ' Table of Contents Executive Summary 3 Historical Information on Milton Friedman 4 Impact of Cultural Impact with US Based Companies 6 References 8 Appendix†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦9 â€Æ' Executive Summary This article is about a teacher and writer turned economist Milton Friedman. He advocatedRead MoreRole Of Politics In Macroeconomics729 Words   |  3 PagesIntroduction or This might be considered a conclusion There is ongoing political divide regarding efforts of agencies and government to mitigate economic issues through intervention on monetary, fiscal policies and increased government spending during recessions. Some of these political divisions are based on political alliances and belief structures rather than an impartial macroeconomic analysis. The graphs and formulas are confusing for politicians and lay people with many preferring simple yesRead MoreUnexpected Shocks in the Economy Lead to Fluctuation721 Words   |  3 Pagesthe required questions? In this Article Lucas tries to explore the same things. He just wants to tell us about the features of a good model. He used comparative study between and within different school of thoughts (Keynes, Neoclassical) and tries his level best to show us about a good technique and model. In the very first part he tells us about a model following that the advantages of a good model. He is of the view that a good model will be able to tell us more things in a technical way, verbalRead MoreMilton Friedman in his long and distinguished career made significant contribution, in the economic500 Words   |  2 PagesMilton Friedman in his long and distinguished career made significant contribution, in the economic analysis, including methods, key areas of money, consumption, economic policy, the inflation rate and the unemployment rate, and the exchange rate policy debate. In essays in positive economics, Friedman used instead of assuming as experimental economics field made a powerful case. In fact, what he called if the assumption is crucial for the understanding of his amount of empirical work, especiallyRead MoreJohn Maynard Keynes : Multiplier Effect1603 Words   |  7 PagesBritish economist named Richard Kahn introduced what is known as the multiplier effect. In Kahn’s article, â€Å"The Relation of Home Investment to Unemployment†, he first introduced the multiplier effect which in turn ended up being his most notable contribution to the field of economics (Richard Kahn, Baron Kahn.). The multiplier effect can be defined as how aggregate expenditure, for example government spending, causes an increase in output. According to Investopedia, the multiplier effect showed that any

Kate Chopin Essay Free Essays

Adrianna Edwards February 11, 2013 American Literature, hour 6 Mr. Mulligan Is there anything in your life that you just want so badly but you can’t have? It’s always out of grasp? In Kate Chopin’s stories, examples of this can be seen. The woman in her stories and her era of time wished to be free and independent from the men and the influences of society. We will write a custom essay sample on Kate Chopin Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now It almost seems that she is defying the conventional role of women of that era in society with her stories. In three of her stories, The Kiss, The Story of an Hour, and A Pair of Silk Stockings, it shows the women struggle with the men in their lives and societies expectations on women. In Kate Chopin’s story The Kiss, a girl named Nathalie has two suitors, Brantain and Harvey. Choosing between them is difficult because Brantain is very wealthy, but she loves Harvey. She had to choose between one or the other because she could not have both. Then at her and Brantain’s wedding, Harvey comes up to her and says, â€Å"Your husband, has sent me over to kiss you. † This shows that Brantain in a way has control over Nathalie and can just send people over to kiss her. However Harvey also says to her, â€Å"I’ve stopped kissing women; it’s dangerous. This shows that even though Nathalie thought she got exactly what she wanted, both men and the love and money, she in fact did not. Another story by Kate Chopin is The Story of an Hour which shows a woman named Louise finding out about the death of her husband and then sitting in her room acknowledging it. She knows that she will mourn her husband’s death of course, but she also sees h is death as a good thing. She loved her husband but she also welcomes her new independence and so when she is alone in her room she thinks to herself about what the future will hold with her freedom and she says, â€Å"Free! Body and soul free! † When she finally leaves her room she starts to head down the stairs and she sees who else but her dead husband! By the time the doctors arrive, Louise has died from â€Å"heart disease,† purportedly from â€Å"the joy that kills. † She was so close to being free and then she dies. In the story A Pair of Silk Stockings, it shows how women were supposed to be exceptional mothers and be happing being so. However when the woman of the story, Mrs. Sommers comes across fifteen dollars, and even though she planned on using it towards her children, she ends up spending the money on herself. It says â€Å"she seemed to see her way cleary toward a proper and judicious use of the money† that she had found which she was about to spend on her kids but while she was out shopping she let â€Å"her hand lay upon a pile of silk stockings†, and after this she decided that the money would be spent on herself. This story shows her putting herself before her children and family for the day which to the society was not something that happened or should happen very often. The stories show the woman and how they went against society and the men in their lives. Nathalie went against society because she used her knowledge to get what she wanted, which was the money and even though she also wanted love, money was her main desire. Louise went against society when she declared independence for herself after the death for her husband. Mrs. Sommers went against society by using the money to treat herself and not put the needs of her children before hers. All these women in Kate Chopin’s storied defied the views of society and the men in their lives. Kate Chopin herself even defied the views of society by writing these stoies. How to cite Kate Chopin Essay, Essay examples

Retail Store Segmentation for Target Market - MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Retail Store Segmentation for Target Market. Answer: Introduction When an organization introduces its products and services in the market, it needs to choose the appropriate target audiences. For this, it uses different approaches of market segmentation and creates a set of customers with similar characteristics and behaviors. This report includes different ways, which can be implemented by an organization to segment its customers. There is discussion about some approaches of market segmentation along with their advantages and disadvantages. Furthermore, part B of the report includes the primary and secondary target market for the chosen organization, i.e. Starbucks. At the end, last section defines the positioning in general and then positioning process and statement of Starbucks. The report analyzes how an organization can target its customers and audiences for new products and services. Segmentation Approaches Segmenting the audiences is an important and common strategy that is used in marketing process to break down a larger market into small and identical groups of consumers. It is the first step in the target marketing process and aims on recognizing the groups of buyers, who have similar needs and wants. Under this process, the company chooses different segmentation variables, which are readily available and very easy to measure (Elliott, Rundle-Thiele Waller, 2014). Market research has an important role in understanding the connection between segmentation variables and buying behavior of customers. To become effective in todays competitive business environment, market segmentation should be done on the basis of up-to-date and accurate understanding of the purchasing behaviors and needs of customers and how these demands are changing. An organization can segment the audiences by considering their different characteristics, i.e. psychographic, behavioral, geographic, demographic charac teristics (Cross, Belich Rudelius, 2015). Before targeting the markets, it evaluates the potential segments by analyzing some factors, like; market potential, cost structure and competitive situation. The organization needs to consider the costs, which are included in communicating the products to satisfy the needs of potential segment. Moreover, it can estimate the sales potential by assessing thee competitive situation of organization in the market. With this analysis, it can make the decisions for, which the market segments it will aim and which it will not consider. It will ensure that companys products and services will meet the needs and demands of each segment (Weinstein Cahill, 2014). There are four segmentation approaches, which can be used by a company, are stated below; Demographic Approach Demographic Approach is one of the major approaches of market segmentation, under which an organization segments the market on the basis of demographic characteristics. These demographic characteristics are related to the measureable social characteristics of people. These are the mostly used variables for segmenting the market. Under this approach, the segmentation is done on the basis of different variables, like; gender, age, family size, occupation, income, race, nationality and religion of population (Wedel, Kamakura, 2012). Advantages There are some advantages of demographic segmentation, like; it is very simple to implement and use, because the quantifiable and statistical data is readily available in most of the markets. The required information and data can be acquired cheaply and very quickly. If the company segments the market on the basis of demographic variables, it is very easy to understand for its all people, like; management, sales and customer service staff. The market may have strong competition and this segmentation makes it very easy to identify what products to target to who and what kind of promotional techniques to utilize (Andaleeb, 2016). Disadvantages The major disadvantage of demographic segmentation is that this approach is done on the basis of assumption that people in same demographic group will have identical requirements. For example, not all 25 year old people have similar needs. Thus, the major limitation with this approach is that it provides little understanding about the customers. This segmentation may direct to the proliferation of goods. If the organization markets the products narrowly, it can decrease the development of extensive brand equity (Winston, Cahill, 2013). Geographic Approach Geographic segmentation is done on the basis of some geographic variables, like; region, climate, local population etc. These variables are the consistent predictors of needs and buying behaviors of customers for variety of products. Advantages and disadvantages of this approach are given below; Advantages This is very valuable approach for large corporations, which runs operations in many nations. It allows them to look at the cultural differences. It tends to work effectively in the countries and areas, where there are major differences in socio-economic situations in different areas. Disadvantages This approach of market segmentation is limited because it assumes that all of the customers in an area have similar requirements and demands (Hollensen, 2015). This approach needs to be used in combination with other approach. By using two approaches, a company can target the people. Psychographic Approach Like geographic and demographic variables, psychographic variables are considered on the basis of characteristics of customers. There may be differences in lifestyles, psychological traits, interests, hobbies, social status etc. This approach assists in understanding the customers by recognizing their mindsets and how they are articulated in their life styles. Advantages This approach provides a better insight in the consumer as a person that more likely direct to the recognition of underlying requirements and objectives. It can deliver a better understanding of the people that in turn can create more responsive and valid segments and marketing plans. By implementing this approach, marketers can understand the interests, expectations, hobbies and needs of customers effectively (Brown, Suter Churchill, 2017). Disadvantages The major challenge under this approach is that it needs that company has detailed information about customers. Thus, it is only suitable for the large companies, not for smaller companies. It can be very expensive because it requires extensive research, i.e. both qualitative and quantitative. Behavioral Approach Like all above characteristics, behavioral segmentation is not done on the basis of customer characteristics and on the basis of actual purchasing behavior towards products and services of company. Behavioral variables are such as; brand loyalty, expectations regarding benefits, usage, decision making pattern and behavior (Armstrong, Kotler, Harker, Brennan,2015). Advantages This approach of segmentation is utilized in the matured markets, where the companies are seeking to understand how to encourage non-users and transform the medium users to the heavy users. This approach is more suitable for the competitive industries and there is better consideration of factors, like; consumption rates and loyalty. Disadvantages This approach does not seek that why the people buy the products and services, their lifestyles and requirements. Thus, the market understanding level is not very high. It is dependent on the market intelligence and needs experimentation and market testing. Thus, an organization can implement these approaches of market segmentation, which are both advantageous and disadvantageous for the company. These assist the company in understanding the needs and demands of customers and segmenting the market. The marketers can implement the above approaches according to the nature of company and its products and services. Target Market for the Organization Starbucks Corporation is a popular coffee house chain and coffee company in United States of America. It is a successful retailer and promoter of fame coffee all over the world. Company is having good position in the coffee and beverages industry (Starbucks, 2017). As of 2016, it owns 23,768 stores across the world. Its stores serve both cold and hot drinks, whole-bean coffee, instant coffee, like; caffe latte, espresso, fresh juices etc. In addition to this, it offers snacks also, like; crackers and chips. Currently, it holds approximate 33 percent of market shares in US coffee market. The target market for the products and services of this company is vast. When the company introduces its new products in the market, it targets a specific market on the basis of market segmentation (Schultz, 2012). Using above approaches of market segmentation, Starbucks has to decide that how many and which areas to approach. This process is known as targeting. The target market profile of Starbucks is divided in two segments, like; primary target market and secondary target market. The target market for Starbucks is stated below; Primary Market Primary target customers are founded by analyzing the data or information from emphasizing on those, who drink prepackaged coffee at their home. The organization is targeting the market on the basis of demographic and psychographic characteristics. Under demographic segmentation, the primary target market of this company includes both male and female from the age group of 24 to 40 years old. It is targeting the people of higher income level and graduates. Moreover, it is targeting the people of different social classes, like; upper middle, lower middle and middle class. These are the customers, who account for half of its business revenues. Primary Target market of Starbucks increases at a rate of 3 percent every year (Bilgic, Kantardzic, Cakir 2015). Secondary Market Secondary market of the company is the second most significant customer segment, which the marketers wish to target. It may have fewer needs and demands for the companys products. Under this market, Starbucks is targeting both male and female from the age group of 18 to 23 years old. Furthermore, it is considering the students and under-graduates people as the prices of products are high and they cannot be afforded by them. In this market, the needs and demands of Starbucks coffee and drinks are lower than primary target market. Starbucks is using effective decision criteria by understanding that Starbucks is not just brand of coffee, but it is like an experience, which a customer is valuing in the morning in coffee time. It is making the decision by believing that products and services of the company are costly, but trending, so it is targeting the above audiences (Armstrong, et al, 2015). It has decided by considering different consumer segments in the coffee market, i.e. In-home vs. Out of house and Ground coffee vs. instant coffee. This part shows that Starbucks has used demographic and socio-economic approaches to target the market. Making this decision is beneficial for the sales and profits of the company in todays competitive business environment. Positioning Positioning is an overall strategy of a company, which targets to make a brand approach a unique position, comparative to competitors in the mind of customers (Tu, Wang Chang,2012). It refers to the place, which a company sets in the customers mind and how it is differentiated from the goods and services of competitors. It describes how the targeted customers perceive the offers of company relative to the offers of competitors. Positioning is totally based on the customer perceptions that may or may not resemble with the objective features of products. Positioning of Starbucks Utilizing Effective positioning enables an organization to provide the value requirements as per its target markets. After making decisions on target markets, companies decide that what position it desires to occupy in target market. So, it makes major focus on some significant attributes, like; quality, price, product, competitor etc. Starbucks places itself as a high priced coffee brand that wishes to sell products with high quality to the young generations with the average income or who have the potential to earn the money (Dudoyskiv, 2017). This organization wants to become a high quality coffee brand in the perception of its potential customers. The major competitors of Starbucks are Costa and Dunkin Donuts, which have placed themselves same as Starbucks. In addition to this, Starbucks is also using adaptive positioning, under which it has developed low calories coffee beverages, i.e. Chai Tea Latte and Caffe Misto as the health consciousness is increasing among customers (Gallaugher, Ransbotham, 2010). Furthermore, it positions itself under standby positioning, where some beverages of Starbucks like; Frappuchino has to wait for the changes in market for a specific period to search its needs and demand. This organization has understood the opinions of public, however it takes long time to produce, but after energizing, it can assist pulling the organization into the competitive market (Tu, et al., 2012). Thus, Starbucks is using effective strategies for choosing its primary and secondary target markets and positioning itself among these targeted audiences efficiently. It is very important to use effective positioning to attract a large base of customers towards new products and services of the company. Each and every company should use an appropriate segmentation approach to select target audiences and place the products in market by using effective positioning. References Andaleeb, S. S. (2016). Market Segmentation, Targeting, and Positioning. InStrategic Marketing Management in Asia: Case Studies and Lessons across Industries(pp. 179-207). Emerald Group Publishing Limited. Armstrong, G., Kotler, P., Harker, M., Brennan, R. (2015).Marketing: an introduction. Pearson Education. Bilgic, E., Kantardzic, M., Cakir, O. (2015). Retail Store Segmentation for Target Marketing. InIndustrial Conference on Data Mining(pp. 32-44). Springer, Cham. Brown, T. J., Suter, T. A., Churchill, G. A. (2017).Basic marketing research: Customer insights and managerial action. Nelson Education. Cross, J. C., Belich, T. J., Rudelius, W. (2015). How marketing managers use market segmentation: An exploratory study. InProceedings of the 1990 Academy of Marketing Science (AMS) Annual Conference(pp. 531-536). Springer, Cham. Dudoyskiv, J. (2017). Starbucks Segmentation, Targeting and Positioning Targeting Premium Customers with Quality Products and Service. Retrieved from https://research-methodology.net/starbucks-segmentation-targeting-and-positioning-targeting-premium-customers-with-quality-products-and-service/. Elliott, G., Rundle-Thiele, S., Waller, D. (2014). Marketing. John Wiley Sons Australia Ltd. Milton, Queensland. Gallaugher, J., Ransbotham, S. (2010). Social media and customer dialog management at Starbucks.MIS Quarterly Executive,9(4). Hollensen, S. (2015).Marketing management: A relationship approach. Pearson Education. Schultz, H. (2012).Pour your heart into it: How Starbucks built a company one cup at a time. Hachette UK. Starbucks, (2017). Starbucks- The Best Coffee and Espresso Drinks. Retrieved from https://www.starbucks.com/. Tu, Y. T., Wang, C. M., Chang, H. C. (2012). Corporate brand image and customer satisfaction on loyalty: An empirical study of Starbucks coffee in Taiwan.Journal of Social and Development Sciences,3(1), 24-32. Wedel, M., Kamakura, W. A. (2012).Market segmentation: Conceptual and methodological foundations(Vol. 8). Springer Science Business Media. Weinstein, A., Cahill, D. J. (2014).Lifestyle market segmentation. Routledge. Winston, W., Cahill, D. J. (2013).How consumers pick a hotel: strategic segmentation and target marketing. Routledge.

Organic Architecture Essays - Architecture, Wisconsin,

Organic Architecture Worldwide notoriety is a comment that would suggest Frank Lloyd Wright and the architecture that he left behind. This legendary American architect started a style of organic structures that remains a roadmap for the people of his genera today. His greatness not only remains by the buildings that he left behind, but through his school that he along with his wife started and his philosophy about designing. As a young child, Wright developed these characteristics that made him the artist that he was. At a young age in 1885, Wright's parents were unhappy with their marriage so they got a divorce (turner 400). A very unusual thing for that day and time, the divorce caused much pain for the family. Wright's mother dearly loved her only child and provided him with the characteristics necessary when approaching design with his philosophy. When asked if he knew what he wanted to be when he was younger, Wright responded by telling the man that his goal was to always be an architect ever since when at a young age he was given his first tinker toy building blocks. Even though some may chuckle at the validity of such a statement, Wright was serious and believed that through the little toys he was inspired to change a profession. As a young man, Wright studied engineering for only two terms at the University of Wisconsin. This was the beginning of the rest of his life as an architect. He earned a position as the chief draftsmen for the Adler Losing this job due to technical contracts that forbid him to sell his own drafts outside of the company. This was a blessing in a way because of the fact that Louis Sullivan was well respected and celebrated as an architect himself. Had Wright stayed he may have been shadowed under Sullivan. Being able to leave this shadow enabled him to create some of the greatest and most beautiful structures in the world. One of these, is the house built for the Kaufmanns family in Bear Run Pennsylvania. Properly called ?Falling Water? the structure rests in the middle of the woods right on top of a stream. The amazing thing about the way that this structure was designed is that although it rests in the middle of a wooded area, the enormous house looks and feels like it belongs. Just as the large expanse of rock that the structure sits on was worn away by the water over hundreds of years, the house too by design looks to have been their for milleniums and just happened to wear away out of the earth. Through the colors and material that was used on the construction of this habitat there is no sense of out of place to go along with this house. This house fits the philosophy of the great Wright. In architecture, it was Wright's vision to create everything so that it went well with the natural surroundings. He called this organic architecture. This was the basis by which all of his work was done. So many people wanted to be taught in this fashion of creating things, and Wright wanted to learn from others. From this, he created the Taliesin Fellowship. Out in the desert, a group of apprentices and he collaborated and learned from each other along with constructing all of the buildings by themselves and growing food. This institution became a community of all people with the same passion as Frank Lloyd Wright. In 1959 the aged Wright passed away at the Taliesin Fellowship headquarters. Although this was the end for the man, the reputation lives on and continues to astonish and amaze the world of architecture.

The power of building relationships at work

The power of building relationships at work For most of us in the work world, our jobs aren’t exactly solo missions. Unless you’re a one-person show or your own boss in a lean start-up, chances are you’re part of a team, one whose members all utilize their individual abilities and skill sets collaboratively in pursuit of a common goal- to ensure the success of your company. Most of us will have opportunities to work with a wide range of people and personalities over the course of our careers. Some we get along with right off the bat; some we learn to appreciate and work well with over time; and some we might not nominate for â€Å"person of the year,† but we make an effort to not let differences get in the way of doing our jobs with them effectively. If you’ve spent any amount of time in the workplace, you’ve likely come to realize that building and maintaining solid relationships with coworkers is not only beneficial, it’s absolutely essential.Bonding makes us work harderBuildi ng and maintaining positive relationships is a huge contributing factor to our satisfaction, productivity, and success at work. Harvard Business Review recently reported that â€Å"When people feel like they belong at work, they are more productive, motivated, engaged and 3.5 times more likely to contribute to their fullest potential, according to our research at the Center for Talent Innovation.† It can also mean the difference between getting chosen for new work opportunities and promotions and getting passed over for someone else with a more enviable work profile.Simply put, connections in life and at work matter, and those of us who are viewed as team players and have lots of strong relationships with colleagues- including higher ups, peers at the same level, and subordinates- are best positioned for long-term happiness and success.Work life has a large effect on overall moodBeyond these obvious work relationship benefits, people simply crave positive connections with the people whom they work with and interact on a regular basis. Humans are social animals after all, and we thrive when we feel we’re accepted and appreciated by others; conversely, we’re susceptible to a range of negative effects when we fail to forge significant connections with others, including unhappiness; decreased energy, motivation, and enthusiasm; and depression- and it isn’t hard to envision the unfortunate ripple effect this can have on your satisfaction and performance at work.Working well with others is often mandatoryThere are also practical reasons for building good relationships with your colleagues. Most of us work on projects and initiatives that span coworkers, teams, and departments, which means that your success is tied to your ability to collaborate effectively with your fellow stakeholders. Strong positive relationships typically bode well for project success, while tension between colleagues can be a real impediment to successfully completing a project on target.  Ã‚  Hopefully, by now, it’s clear that building positive relationships at work can benefit you in a host of ways, and that it’s in your best interest to make this a real goal- both to improve your happiness and well-being at work as well as to improve your chances of long-term career satisfaction and success. So, make an effort to enhance your professional network and forge solid connections with your coworkers and you’ll be sure to reap the benefits!

Creating Academic and Professional Success Essay - 3

Creating Academic and Professional Success - Essay Example This determination has made strong in life and helped me in taking decisions which I have not regretted. Choosing the path of success in my professional life has become an aim for me because of this very strong determination and I think if I utilize it in the correct manner I’ll be able to achieve what I aim to. But as said by Christopher Moore "Nobodys perfect. Well, there was this one guy, but we killed him....". It clearly depicts that I personally have my own weaknesses in achieving my goals. All over these years I have realized that learning something is not easy for me. It takes time for me to learn things which others learn in a while. But this weakness can easily be overcome if I give all of my attention to my goals. This attention helps me to not only learn and understand things but also to excel in these things. The main problems which I face with my life are regarding the division of time. Because I have my own wife to take care of it is quite difficult for me to divide my time when it comes to my work and household. But here again I have realized every problem has a solution to it and thus I have several opportunities to cope up. I can make my wife understand my problems and divide my time accordingly. It would help me to give more attention to my goals and aims which would then be easily

Rising Expectations of Nation Building Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Rising Expectations of Nation Building - Essay Example This has led to the sustainable development handed down from the various presidents that have led in the United States. This system of governance characterized by presidency has had a major revolution in the countries and continuous development. Therefore, the various presidents have contributed immensely towards the growth of the states which have been actualized through their different styles of leadership. Leadership styles refer to the different ways in which the various leaders formulate laws, provide the way forward to their people and motivate them for better outcomes. The effectiveness of a leader in his work will vary depending on the styles of governance. A good leader tends to apply various modes of governance while a bad leader will only resort to a particular mode. The types of leadership styles range from autocratic, democratic to free reign. An autocratic leader fails to consult the followers but will instead dictate what is to be done and how it is to be achieved (Tan nenbaum & Schmidt, 2003). A leader who improvises the free reign allows the followers to participate in the decision making. In this case, the people perform the task at hand but the leader becomes the one in charge. It is based on the notion that nobody can do everything and therefore, the leader selects some tasks as priorities and delegates the rest. A democratic leader will employ a few representatives in the decision making process while he sustains the final decision authority especially where the decision involves separate parts which are held by various people. In this case, the employees work as a team and have to be very skillful and with full information of their surroundings. In their leadership the leaders take into consideration the various human needs by trying to come up with teams, providing psychological support and providing accessible help to their surbordinates. They also motivate the people to work so as to increase production through the provision of work stru cture and goals. The United States Presidents Dwight Eisenhower and John Kennedy are said to be great democrats (Schriesheim, 2002). Their contributions to nation building are immense and they have used most of the styles of leadership to enhance their effectiveness. A major style that led to President’s Kennedy success as a leader is his being a delegate. He elected some economic advisors to carry out decisions relating to the economic affairs and a committee for the legislature. In this manner, he was usually involved in the running of the state economic affairs. He also delegated work to his brother in- law to head the Peace Corps whose main aim was to deliver assistance to most of the underdeveloped countries of the world through the provision of construction materials, farming equipment, education facilities and health. In his quest to fight the communist as had been briefed by Eisenhower, President Kennedy dispatched Johnson to meet Diem of Vietnam so as to assure him o f his support. He provided military helicopters and more advisors to help n the fight. In being a delegate the president had various sectors being acted upon ensuring full running of the state including sectors such as defense, intelligence, trade, international relations, political arena and economic policy. This was equally applicable to Eisenhower who had advisors on

Masters Entry Diploma in Management - Independent Study Essay

Masters Entry Diploma in Management - Independent Study - Essay Example Descriptive and inferential statistical measures were used in the treatment of the data gathered. Hypotheses were tested using two-tailed analysis and a significance level of 0.05. Findings of the study revealed that the respondents were equally represented in terms of gender and age. The virtual teams representing more than a hundred store locations within the UK functions effectively to some extent. There were no significant differences in their team effectiveness when the respondents are grouped by geographical location, gender, age and department represented. The study also revealed that organisational culture has not fully embraced or harnessed change to support its goals. Communication among the team is adequate to some extent. No significant differences were noted in the respondents’ assessment of their culture and adequacy of communication when the respondents were grouped by geographical location. The study also demonstrated no significant association between team eff ectiveness and the factors organisational culture and communication. ... Introduction 1 2.0. Critical Review of the Relevant Literature 5 2.1. Objectives of the Critical Literature Review 5 2.2. Related Literature 5 2.3. Related Studies 8 3.0. Research Design 10 3.1. Research Method 10 3.2. Sampling Design 10 Determination of the sample size for this study was computed using random sampling methodology. From a total workforce of 33,000, the sample size was computed using a randomised Web-based sample size calculator (Raosoft, 2004). The parameters used in the calculation were: (1) margin of error, 5%; (2) confidence level, 95%; (3) population size, 33,000; and (4) response distribution, 50%. As shown in Appendix 1, the minimum required sample size is 380. This number was, however, increased by 15% to cover for contingency in case of unretrieved questionnaires, incompletely answered questionnaires (10 or more items), invalid questionnaires (one or more parts totally unanswered). Hence, the actual size of the study sample is 437. 11 To assure representative ness in the selection of respondents for study, the random number generator of Microsoft Excel (2003) was utilized. Three worksheets were used, one each for the three UK regions. In worksheet 1, the store locations In England were inputted as columns alternated with blank columns. Under each store location column, the email addresses of the respondents are inputted in no particular order. On the blank space to the right of each email address, random numbers in the range from 1 to 500 are assigned in each of the 138 blank columns. The random numbers generated in the blank columns will each be sorted from highest to lowest. The email addresses corresponding to the highest three or four random numbers will be included in the list of respondents of the study. Larger stores in each

Overview Knowledge Based Economy Malaysia Commerce Essay

Overview Knowledge Based Economy Malaysia Commerce Essay Knowledge is defined as information combined with experience, context, interpretation, and reflection (Davenport et al., 1998). Knowledge defined as objects, concepts that are assumed exist around in people in same interest areas. Knowledge is commonly distinguished from data and information (Zack, 1999). Data is a kind of raw data which does not directly meaningful. Raw data refers to a collection of numbers, characters, images or other outputs from devices to convert physical quantities into symbols, which are unprocessed. Such data after further processed by human will become meaningful which is information. In addition, knowledge is result from interpreted information, understandings of combination of data and information, expertise, and skills which acquired by a person through year to year experiences. Further, knowledge can be tacit or explicit (Lave Wenger, 1991). For tacit knowledge, it is personal, context-specific knowledge that is difficult to formalize, record, or articulate, it is stored in the heads of people (Tiwana, 2000). Tacit knowledge is not available as text, it is difficult to express to others. It involves human personal beliefs, experiences, and values. For explicit knowledge is that component of knowledge that can be codified and transmitted in a systematic and formal language, documents, database, webs, e-mail, charts, etc (Tiwana, 2000). In contrast, explicit knowledge is more precisely and formally articulated, it can be transferred to others in a relatively straightforward manner. Explicit knowledge considers is the most important factor of production in knowledge economy. What is the knowledge economy? A knowledge-driven economy is one in which the generation and exploitation of knowledge play the predominant part in the creation of wealth (United Kingdom Department of Trade and Industry, 1998). Knowledge economy also defined as economy of knowledge which focused on the production and management of knowledge. From the past, neo-classical economics has only focused on production of labour and capital as their main factor. Nowadays, neo-classical economy getting transform into knowledge-based economy by start replacing capital and energy into information and knowledge as their primary wealth-creating assets. In the words of Dr. Mahathir: In our pursuit towards developing the K-economy, knowledge has to replace labour and capital as the key factors of production in our economy. The challenge for Malaysia is to develop this knowledge amongst our citizens so that our success will be due to the contributions of Malaysian talents and knowledge workers (Dr. Mahathir bin Mohamad, Putrajaya 8 March 2001 advertisement in the New Straits Times 13-04-2001). As we enter the 21st century, Malaysias economy is currently changing into knowledge based economy since announcement a long term project called Vision 2020, which was a plan turn Malaysia to a fully developed country and knowledge rich society through the development of ICT sector. According to Mahathir some have wondered why 2020 and not some other year. As a doctor I am attracted to the optometrist measurement of vision; 2020 indicates 100 per cent good vision in both eyes. Our 2020 vision for Malaysia implies this clear vision of where we want to go and what we want to be (Mohamad, 2007). To achieve the objectives of Vision 2020, shift Malaysia economy into knowledge-based economy to increase rapid rate of economy growth and enhance international competitiveness is very important. The knowledge based economy will be the main key point to strengthen Malaysias capability to innovate, create and design own indigenous technology, develop and launch new products in the market. In addition, the knowledge will be key factor contribute to Malaysias economy growth and able to achieve sustainable gross domestic product growth rate as well. Moreover, our previous prime minister Dr. Mahathir Mohamad said during the Eight Malaysia Plan period, we will be faced with even greater challenges from globalization and liberalization as well as the rapid development of information and technology. We will have to shift the growth strategy from being input-driven towards one that is knowledge-driven (Abdulai, 2004). Therefore, Malaysia has integrated the development of Knowledge-Based Economy concept into its new vision policy in order to achieve our Malaysia Vision 2020. Malaysian were encouraged to improve the quality of education and training to learn highly skilled and knowledgeable manpower in order to support the development of a knowledge-based economy. To develop a Knowledge-Based Economy as a strategic move to raise the value added of all economic sectors and optimizing the brainpower of the nation: and 2). strengthening human resource development to produce a competent, productive, and knowledgeable workforce. (Abdulai, 2004). Besides, Malaysia government has been high involved in this process shift Malaysia towards Knowledge-Based Economy by set up institutions, infrastructures, and infostructures that will help move the country towards a KBE with the launching Multimedia Super Corridor (MSC) and National IT Agenda (NITA) organized by Malaysia government. The objectives to launch this project is formulate strategies and promote the utilization and development of IT, the key enabler of a knowledge-based economy by create an ideal IT and multimedia environment as well as enable Malaysia to be in the mainstream of activities necessary to attract knowledge workers, technopreneurs and high-technology industries. Furthermore, there are some academic researchers studying Knowledge Management and Knowledge-Based Economy development in Malaysia. A major effort is the book Malaysia and K-economy (2001) by a number of academics of the Multimedia University of Malaysia. Also, a number of local studies on some ICT developments which related innovative practice are also reported in the Proceedings of the Asia Pacific Economics and Business Conference 2002 (UPM). There is also a paper measures knowledge-based economy achievement through the skilled labor contributions to Malaysian manufacturing sector productivity growth (Elsadig et al, 2003). This studies trying to prove that Knowledge-Based Economy really contributed to a developed country in various sectors development such as manufacturing sector, ICT sector. As we know, the transformation towards Knowledge-Based Economy is started in Malaysia. Many organizations realize the important knowledge that will affect an organization operation future. Knowledge will play important role factor of affect organization production rather than the labour workforces, capital. Nowadays, knowledge management is not just used in ICT government sector, it also widely used in private hospitality industry. In this service industry, knowledge is very important in order to provide latest information which customer require immediately. With knowledge, they able to help customer solve difficult problem in limited time constrain due to every minute of time is equal to money of customer. In addition, we know that some industries have facing high turnover work force. Recruit new staff to take over the job position is not always the effective way. Therefore, they are only depending on past documentation which is explicit knowledge left by previous staff. Yet, it is difficult to transform tacit knowledge into documentation as references for future used. Thats why the important of learning knowledge management there are. There is an example in below: In an industry where there is highly turnover, knowledge management also helps bring our staff up to speed quicky and we achieve the learning processes documented and disseminated quickly. (Cherly, 2008). As the growing demand for knowledge-based products and services is changing the structure of the global economy, the role of knowledge in achieving competitive advantage is becoming an important management issue in all sectors. The gap between a companys market value and its tangible asset value is widening; the key variable explaining this gap is a firms stock of knowledge. Unlike land, labor, and capital the economists traditional, finite factors of production knowledge and ideas are infinite economic goods that can generate increasing returns through their systematic use (Kim Mauborgne, 1999). Though there little consensus as to what knowledge actually is, many do accept that knowledge is a primary competitive factor in business today (Dzinkowski, 2000). A survey conducted by the Canadian Institute of Chartered Accountants (CICA) shows that the top executives of both the Canadian Financial Post 300 firms and US Fortune 500 firms view knowledge resources as critical for a firms success. Discussion Knowledge is defined as information combined with experience, context, interpretation, and reflection (Davenport et al., 1998). Knowledge is commonly distinguished from data and information (Zack, 1999). Knowledge is believed and valued on the basis of the meaningfully organized accumulation of information through experience, communication, or inference. Knowledge can be viewed both as a thing to be stored and manipulated and as a process of simultaneously knowing and acting that is, applying expertise (Blackler, 1995). Instead, Knowledge is not only embodied in goods and services, particularly in high technology industries, but also it is a commodity itself, manifested in forms such as intellectual property rights or in the tacit knowledge of highly mobile key employees. Knowledge includes information how the way to interact as individuals as community. Knowledge unlike land, labor, and capital the economists traditional, finite factors of production knowledge and ideas are infinite economic goods that can generate increasing returns through their systematic use (Kim Mauborgne, 1999). It is a public good and sharing with others involves zero marginal cost. Though there little consensus as to what knowledge actually is, many do accept that knowledge is a primary competitive factor in business today (Dzinkowski, 2000). In addition, technology breakthrough based on knowledge creates technical platforms that support further innovations and drive economic growth (Bank Negara, 1999). The table below w ill show the framework categories of knowledge: Picture1 As the growing demand for knowledge-based products and services is changing the structure of the global economy, the role of knowledge in achieving competitive advantage is becoming an important management issue in all sectors. Therefore, the rapid creation and dissemination of knowledge and information is very important to the organization. If knowledge is not properly maintained, information could become misconstrued or vanish all together. When information is stored within individual minds, the maintenance of this knowledge becomes more complex. The retrieval and distribution of information are the most important aspects of organizational memory. Individuals must be motivated in order to retrieve and communicate information. A major problem within many organizations is the fact that employees view knowledge as a method of securing their jobs and are reluctant to share their knowledge with others. Nowadays, many organization and enterprise are realizing how important to make maximu m use of knowledge among their staff. These knowledge can be database knowledge, work past experiences, human knowledge based. It is hard to keep track of and make use of all of the parts knowledge. The organization interest to know what are the knowledge assets and how to use and manage this knowledge asset to get high return in the future. Most of the organization in Malaysia only focused on labor, capital and tangible asset as their primary knowledge assets. They are loses sight of knowledge Management as their primary important knowledge assets. Only, few organizations fully realize the benefits from highly valued knowledge. However, organizations getting change, evolution, view knowledge management as part of their business strategy. Due to organization found that, to success in increase competitive marketplace is fully depends on the quality of the knowledge by how to apply it in the business process. Knowledge management has also been described for its possible role in creating sustained competitive advantages for organizations (Grant, 1996; Johannessen Olsen, 2003; Lado Wilson, 1994). Such as apply knowledge on low cost leadership strategy by the way of cut cost, lower the product price, reduce or eliminate steps in the manufacturing process that are unnecessary or duplicated process cycle in order to have a unique characteristic to differentiate form the competitor. This is the way how to apply knowledge in cost leadership strategy and differentiation strategy into business field to gain competitive advantages in the competition marketplace. Knowledge management not only the benefits of reduced co sts and cycle time, but also develop valuable knowledge that anticipates of future buyer/seller behavior. Besides, knowledge management apply on innovation-based differentiation strategy to create new innovation product to able differentiate from competitors to gain competitive advantages. However, there is a challenge of deploying the knowledge assets of an organization to create competitive advantage such as the marketplace is increasing competitive and the rate of innovation, knowledge should be evolve and process at even faster rate by an organization in order to catch up with the trend of the market. Moreover, knowledge takes times to experience and acquire. An organization does not have enough time to provide this kind of knowledge management training and increase formal knowledge management to the staff. Leading loss of knowledge due to staff retirement earlier is one of the reasons. The experience from the retire staff may not be transfer the tacit knowledge to the fresh staff. It is difficult to request experience staffs turn their tacit knowledge into explicit knowledge which is documentation form for references use in future. Sometimes, changing in strategy direction may result in the loss of knowledge in a specific area. For instance, a subsequent reversal in policy may then lead to a renewed requirement for this knowledge, but the employees with that knowledge may no longer be there. A variety of factors have been shown to have an important effect on the ability of organizations to acquire sustained competitive advantage, including the relative capability development of a firm (Johannessen Olsen, 2003), and a firms ability to differentiate its products (Johannessen Olsen, 2003; Teece et al., 1997). Research on KM and competitive advantage has emphasized description, rather than empirical study KM can lead to such an advantage (Holsapple Singh, 2001; Ndlela Toit, 2001). The current competitive environment is driven largely by the emergence of the knowledge society, where as Drucker has described (Drucker, 1992), organizations move from productivity based on make and move to one based on knowledge and service. The emergence of this knowledge era is radically changing what creates value in organizations, whereby the long-term viability and prosperity of an organization increasingly depends on its managements ability to leverage the hidden value of its intangible assets. Resource-based has emerged as a key competitive priority in many organization activities including corporate strategy (Clemons, 1991), information technology capability (Mata, Fuerst,Barney, 1995), and KM. Resource-based is defined as the resources and capabilities possessed by competing firms that may differ, and these differences may be long lasting (Barney, 1991; Rumelt, 1984; Wernerfelt, 1984). From the resource-based perspective, knowledge management researchers have identified various KM related resources that serve as potential source of competitive advantage. For example, Gold et al. (2001) notes that technological resource, structural resource, and cultural resource are rate and firm specific and therefore likely to serve as sources of organizational capability. Along with competent KM skills, Lee and Choi (2003) point out that the relationships between knowledge enablers (culture, structure, people, and technology) and organizational performance. Likewise, in fostering research agenda of knowledge management, Grover and Davenport (2001) and Okunoye and Karsten (2002) describe the strategy, structure, culture, and technology as the primary sources of its business growth and improved competitiveness. Furthermore, an organizations with strong social KM resources are able to (1) integrate the KM and business planning processes more effectively, (2) develop reliable and innovation applications that support the business needs of the firm faster than competition, (3) predict future business needs of the firm and innovate valuable new product features before competitors. The social KM resources ability to encourage the multifaceted activities associated with the successful implementation of knowledge management has been found to be a key distinguis hing factor of successful firms (Lee Choi, 2003). In fact the wide difference in competitive organizational and economic benefits that companies acquire from KM has been attributed largely to their social KM resources (Lee Choi, 2003; Miller Shamsie, 1996). KM resources are complex to gain and difficult to imitate when there is individual. To achieve competitive advantage through Knowledge Management, organizations have also learned how to combine effectively their KM resources to create an overall KM capability. Conclusion We were more understanding about what Knowledge is, how knowledge important to contribution economy growth, how knowledge management benefits to the organizations and how knowledge management may be appropriately viewed as an organizational capability. Before we started, we have done many researches about what actually Knowledge-Based Economy is. We also found out how Malaysia started to change towards Knowledge-Based Economy, what is the main factor to have this Knowledge-Based Economy evolution. Since introduction of the Seventh Malaysian Plan (1996-2000), it is the effort towards shifting Malaysia to a knowledge-based economy. Thats why it is important to understand the readiness of Malaysian higher educational institutions to support knowledge-based economy. In addition, the contributions to the development of the Malaysian Knowledge-based economy have come largely from the government policy makers, management consultants and businesspersons. It proved that knowledge play an important role to change our country, society from traditional to knowledge-based. In conclusion, the challenge of globalization and a knowledge-based era has made it vital for Malaysia to move towards a Knowledge Based Economy. Knowledge Based Economy will present the ways to achieve sustainable rapid growth and remain globally competitive in the medium and long term and it will brings up our country towards Vision 2020 and turn Malaysia to a fully developed country and knowledge rich society.

Agressive Personality Essay -- Psychology

Essay question #1 Cognition is the mental process of gaining knowledge through thinking, judging and solving problems. Cognition functions to provide human beings with the ability to use language, make perceptions, use the imagination and make decisions. These thought processes play a significant role in personality development. Both biological and environmental factors have been linked to cognition. Biological factors include our genetic makeup and hereditary factors. Genetic makeup determines the physical characteristics of eye color, hair color. Hereditary factors are those traits that are transferred from parents and blood relations. These inherited traits determine temperament of human beings. Both the biological traits of genetics and inheritance play a major role in how human beings perceive themselves and how others interact with them. This cognitive perception of self and others is believed to help determine one’s personality. Environmental factors include how a human being i s raised and how outside influences such as school, church, relationships and society shape their cognitive processes. An example of the relationship between cognition and personality would be of a child born of two different races. Physical characteristics are likely to be different with mixed races causing the child to perceive themselves as abnormal, thus leading to antisocial or introverted personality traits. Essay question #2 The aggressive personality is defined as an â€Å"individual’s whose overall style of interacting involves considerable, persistent, maladaptive aggression† (counselingresource.com). Evolutionary, biological and environmental factors are contributing components of the aggressive personality. Human beings ... ...sachusetts: Allyn And Bacon. Cloninger, S. C. (2008). Theories of Personality Understanding Persons.. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall. (Original work published 1996). CounsellingResource.com.CounsellingResource.com – Psychology, Therapy & Mental Health Resources. Retrieved December 6, 2011, from http://counsellingresource.com/features/2008/11/03/aggressive-personalities/ Friedman, H. S., & Schustack, M. W. (2006). Personality: classic theories and modern research. Needham Heights: Allyn And Bacon. (Original work published 1999) Simon, PhD, D. G. (2008, November 7). Understanding the Aggressive Personalities | CounsellingResource.com.CounsellingResource.com – Psychology, Therapy & Mental Health Resources. Retrieved December 6, 2011, from http://counsellingresource.com/features/2008/11/03/aggressive-personalities